Circuitry that keeps track of what’s been loaded from a hard driveA type of persistent (non-volatile) memory built from rotating platters and “read heads” that sense the data on the platters. into DRAMStands for "dynamic random access memory." This is temporary working memory in a computer. When the goes off, the memory contents are lost. It's not super fast, but it's very cheap, so there's lots of it. and translates virtualIn our context, refers to what are usually software models of some physical thing. The model behaves like the real thing except, in some cases, in performance. addresses into physical addresses.